Uneven development can cause a larger gap between the rich and poor within countries, too. The consequences of uneven development can be observed clearly by. (B) Explain the difference between a nation and a state. the division of the world into major economic centers, centers of manufacturing, and extremely poor communities. %%EOF The portion of the economy concerned with the direct extraction of materials from Earth's surface, generally through agriculture, although sometimes by mining, fishing, and forestry. Answer: An example of a boundary dispute is the dispute between India and Pakistan over the territory of Kashmir. It is a holistic approach that considers the social, economic, and environmental impacts of development and seeks to balance these three pillars in a way that is equitable and sustainable over the long term. For example, the construction of the Panama Canal led to the development of a growth pole in Panama City, as the city became a major transportation hub for shipping goods between the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans. Answer: Migration is the movement of people from one place to another, either within a country or across national borders. That is what this whole unit is about. the level of wealth, comfort, material goods and necessities available to a certain socioeconomic class in a certain geographic area. 0 G) Analyze the effectiveness of one policy or program designed to address the challenges of population growth and its consequences. examples - uneven development - AP Human Geography - 9 Name_____ Connections: Diffusion Assimilation Acculturation . Usually poor. In the 1950s, many countries became independent and removed their colonial ties. Renewable energy refers to energy sources that are naturally replenished on a human timescale, such as sunlight, wind, water, and geothermal heat. What exactly does this mean? Many of these resources are used for energy production or are the base materials in manufacturing. 2 - Antilia tower in Mumbai, the second most expensive house in the world. The effectiveness of such policies may depend on factors such as the level of community involvement in decision-making and the transparency of revenue allocation. D) Explain the concept of transnationalism and describe one way in which transnationalism can impact the lives of migrants and the communities they leave and join. Environmental determinism is the belief that the environment, most notably its physical factors such as landforms and climate, determines the patterns of human culture and societal development. It ultimately undermined local economies and political stability as villages' vital labour was shipped overseas preventing an agricultural revolution. (G) For a multinational state facing the realities of devolution, explain why a government would choose to create an autonomous region or choose to maintain a unitary state. Og70dAl}gx)&~:TvZ?4HC\5bOfh~~`a!/6-~ PK;~Q=. There are several ways in which sustainable development can be achieved, including: Implementing efficient use of resources: This can involve using renewable energy sources, reducing waste, and increasing resource productivity. Example: How many men and wowen die counted seperatly in the US. Refugees are people who are forced to leave their homes, often because it is unsafe to stay. (D) Describe one way in which language can be used to promote cultural identity and unity. In this unit, you will examine how supply and demand affect how a country can improve standards of living and how different economic systems can help citizens of a country gain more or less equality. Periphery areas. It can provide opportunities for visitors to appreciate the beauty and diversity of natural environments and to learn about the local flora and fauna. Country that has recently established an industrialized economy based on manufacturing and global trade. A classic example of this that is mentioned often is the Rust Belt experience of the Midwest. Answer: Historical and contemporary factors that have influenced language distribution and diversity include colonialism, migration patterns, globalization, and language policies. There are many causes of uneven development; physical (climate, the natural resource curse, and landlocked countries), economic (the cycle of poverty, global trading systems), and historical (colonialism). For example, the use of certain words or phrases can signal membership in a particular group and reinforce cultural ties. Ecotourism can provide economic opportunities for these communities and help to preserve their cultural traditions. Maquiladoras are factories located in developing countries that import raw materials and export finished goods. However, this has resulted in a power struggle for control over the countries, resulting in conflict and political instability, hindering development further. Development is the improvement of the standard of living of a population. As a result, these countries have become heavily dependent on exports to the U.S. and have become vulnerable to fluctuations in the U.S. economy. McDonald's has restaurants in over 100 countries and generates a significant portion of its revenue from international operations. On January 1, 2013, Ameen Company purchased a building for $36 million. A. I just directed ChatGPT to do the following: Create six free-response questions no stimulus modeled after the free-response question no stimulus found in the AP Human Geography Sample Exam located on page 167 of the AP Human Geography Course and Exam Description. Stop procrastinating with our smart planner features. Industrialization, from ancient history to now, has helped power improvements in standards of living in periphery countries, but it has also contributed to geographically uneven . (Round per unit costs to three decimals, but inventory balances to the dollar.). To find out more about the inequalities in China and their. - Less developed countries. For example, urban areas often provide more job opportunities than rural areas, but income inequality may also be higher in urban areas. (G) Analyze the effectiveness of one policy or program designed to promote language diversity and maintain linguistic heritage. A) Define the concept of population growth and provide one historical or contemporary example of a factor that has contributed to population growth. This can impact the lives of migrants and the communities they leave and join by shaping cultural exchange and economic ties, such as through the creation of diaspora networks that facilitate trade and investment. Each goal is accompanied by a set of specific targets and indicators to help measure progress. Some countries are much richer and much more powerful than others. Some popular destinations for ecotourism include: National parks and protected areas: These are protected areas of land and sea that are managed to conserve their natural beauty, biodiversity, and cultural values. What are some of the challenges to closing the development gap? Answer: One example of a policy designed to address the challenges of migration is refugee resettlement programs, which provide support and resources to refugees who have been forced to flee their homes. During colonial times, resources and money would be taken from colonised countries, often for the benefit of the colonising country. Example: basic activities- (LDCs) Mining, fishing, farming, logging, forestry, Economic Sector (Manufacturing). AP Human Geography - 1 Name_____ Rubenstein's The Cultural Landscape Chapter 1: Thinking Geographically Introduction to Note Packets Reading the textbook and taking notes while reading are NECESSARY steps in processing and . Examples of centrifugal and centripetal force are found in religion, language, ethnic culture, government, and physical geography. Warm climates make diseases like malaria or dengue fever more common, causing sickness, and reducing the workforce, limiting economic growth. Includes research and development, finance, banking, real estate, insurance. Push factors are the reasons that people move away from a country. fd.f. Answer: A supranational organization is an organization that operates above the level of individual states and has the power to make decisions that affect its member states. Example: The productivity of a certain car, five steps through which all countries must pass to become developed. Investment made by a foreign company in the economy of another country. This can result in higher disease rates, causing sickness and death. Different countries around the world have different levels of development, which can directly affect the populations living in those countries. We can reduce uneven development by closing the development gap. (D) Explain the limitations of communication technology in furthering the goals of devolutionary groups and democracy movements. Example: Can provide loans to places in Sub-saharan Africa. An example of how it can be used to manipulate political outcomes is the drawing of congressional districts in the United States, where the boundaries of districts are often manipulated to create safe seats for one party or the other. 2) Contagion stage - This is a period of rapid and uncontrolled growth in the number and variety of applications of the particular technology. For each value of d.fd . Answer: Two economic consequences of migration include increased remittances and potential job displacement. Term. Urbanization is a global phenomenon that has significant social, economic, and environmental consequences. A British charity called. Which of the following statements is best supported by the images? *Schemes are not always appropriate and not always sustainable long term because of lack of local knowledge. Answer: Technology can be used to address resource distribution challenges by enabling the efficient distribution of resources, such as through the use of online marketplaces or tracking systems that allow for better tracking and monitoring of resource use. LICs often have poorer access to safe water and suffer from the Impact of Water Insecurity. The distribution of resources and access to resources has significant implications for economic development and quality of life. Standard of living is the amount of wealth or goods that people have. Vocabulary for AP HuG "The Cultural Landscape," by James M. Rubenstein, Chapter 9, Development and the next chapters. 5) Age of mass consumption - People have more wealth and so buy services and goods (consumer society), welfare systems are fully developed, trade expands, 1). The Sun Belt is a region of the United States that includes the southeastern and southwestern states and is known for its warm climate and rapid population and economic growth. Example: Nepal, A country that has progressed relatively far along a continuum of development. C) Explain two environmental consequences of population growth, providing an example of each. (F) Explain the concept of linguistic imperialism and describe one example of its impact on language diversity. Anything not within this line shows the LDCs of the world. In the United States, for example, Silicon Valley in CALIFORNIA is a core area where high-technology businesses are clustered. Answer: Two social or cultural consequences of population growth include increased urbanization and changes in family structure. Maquiladoras are a controversial form of economic development, as they can provide jobs and economic growth in the host country, but are also accused of exploiting cheap labor and undermining local businesses. Make sure you understand the terms Low Income County (LIC), Newly Emerging Economy (NEE), and High Income Country (HIC), before carrying on with this explanation! 1) Traditional society - Based on subsistence farming, fishing, forestry, and some mining Governments are often challenged by the devolutionary factors that challenge state sovereignty. How does climate affect uneven development? ( The last section of the core-periphery model). Example: the literacy rate of the US is high, The value of a particular product compared to the amount of labor needed to make it. What are some strategies that can help to close the development gap? It is physically separate from the rest of the United Kingdom, a multinational state. Definition. What has caused this unevenness, and what are the consequences? For example, life expectancy in the UK in 2019 was 81.20 years old. the total value of goods produced and services provided by a country in a year, divided by the total number of people living in that country. Examples: lawyers, scientific companies, etc. Create and find flashcards in record time. It states that as one region of a state flourishes economically it does not necessarily improve the economy of another region, but instead, conversely, diminishes the significance and strength of another region. Brain drain is when more educated people leave a country searching for better opportunities, work, or education. It is usually used to measure income inequality, but can be used to measure any form of uneven distribution. Coastal and marine areas: These are areas along the coast or in the ocean that are rich in biodiversity and provide opportunities for ecotourism activities such as snorkeling, diving, and whale watching. One example of such an organization is the United Nations, which is a global organization that seeks to promote international cooperation and resolve conflicts between states. What is another name for natural resource curse theory? Example: factory worker or refiner, Economic Sector (Services). International migration can also make development worse; more educated people tend to leave LICs searching for better opportunities elsewhere. These factories are often located in border regions, such as the maquiladoras located in Tijuana and Ciudad Jurez, which are near the border with the United States. This reduces the number of educated people in the home country. F) Explain the concept of environmental justice and describe one example of an environmental justice issue related to resource distribution. Refer to the reading assignments and the AP Human Geography Vocab Chart file listed below. This can be visible in Mumbai, where the super-rich and those who reside in slums live nearby each other. Technologies that are appropriate for a specific country. An example of a transnational corporation is the fast food chain McDonald's. Most fossil fuels, such as oil, natural gas and coal are considered nonrenewable resources in that their use is not sustainable because their formation takes billions of years. People usually migrate because of push and pull factors. Answer: Two economic consequences of urbanization include increased job opportunities and increased income inequality. Economic benefits: Ecotourism can provide economic opportunities for local communities, such as employment and income generation. Everything you need for your studies in one place. One example of how globalization has affected the power of the state is the growth of supranational organizations like the European Union, which have the power to override certain decisions made by individual member states. Stop procrastinating with our study reminders. Let's put everything into practice. example, "Population") was also useful for answering the question, especially in parts B and C. Sample: 3A Score: 6 AP Human Geography 320 resources . Industrialization and Economic Growth will give power to some but will hurt others through the process of Uneven Development. d. change in demand G) Analyze the effectiveness of one policy or program designed to address the challenges of migration and its consequences. C) Explain two economic consequences of urbanization, providing an example of each. Command economy: A command economy, also known as a planned economy, is one in which the government controls the production and distribution of goods and services. A development indicator is just data that helps show how developed a country is. Life expectancy is the amount of time a person is likely to live. There are several types of renewable energy technologies, including: Solar energy: This type of energy is generated from sunlight using photovoltaic cells or concentrated solar power systems. . Are we all living equally? Go ahead and read the Changing economic world explanation to understand more about the different types of development indicators and how they are used. answer choices Image 2 shows an innovation that occurred in the Second Agricultural Revolution, reducing the amount of labor needed and increasing crop yields. There are many factors which lead to, and have led to, the world being unevenly developed. Click on the map if you would like to enlarge it. Newly Industrialised Countries (NICs) are countries which are becoming more industrialised, moving away from agricultural production toward manufacturing industries. Answer: Gerrymandering is the process of manipulating the boundaries of electoral districts to benefit a particular political party or group. An example of neocolonialism is the influence of the United States on the economies and governments of Latin American countries. Sign up to highlight and take notes. Infant Mortality Rate is the number of children that die under the age of 1, per 1000 births. development that meets the needs of the present, without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs. 2023 Fiveable Inc. All rights reserved. Manufacturing employment in the U.S. has declined from around 25% of the total workforce in the 1950s to around 10% in recent years. Identify your study strength and weaknesses. Ch 1 Key Issue 2: Why is Each Point on Earth, World History and Geography: Modern Times. Answer: Migration is often tied to political issues such as nationalism, citizenship, and border control, as governments may seek to regulate or limit migration flows. River valleys may also promote human settlements. The development process takes place at different speeds. a measure of how many units of currency are needed in one country to buy the amount of goods and services that one unit of currency will buy in another country. What are the effects of uneven development? Standards of living. Take a look at the Closing the Development Gap explanation for more on this topic. Answer: Urbanization is the process by which cities grow in size and number as more people move from rural areas to urban areas. Causes and consequences of uneven development The world has developed very differently across regions and by continent. Gross National Product (GNP) Sustainable agriculture and food tourism: This type of ecotourism involves visiting farms, wineries, and other food and drink producers to learn about sustainable agriculture practices and to taste local produce. NICs do secondary. The development level of a country can be shown using development indicators, income labels or the development continuum. This is vastly uneven globally; let's take a look at some of the reasons why. endstream endobj startxref Example: Nike, The gross value of the product minus the costs of raw materials and energy. The precautionary principle: This principle states that when there is a risk of serious or irreversible harm to the environment or human health, lack of full scientific certainty should not be used as a reason to postpone measures to prevent that harm.
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