They influence and interact with the populace, the force, and each other. These decisions and assessments produce new questions that address the changed situation and future command decisions. This includes the time required to assemble, deploy, move, and converge units to mass the effects of combat power effectively. If the enemy force has been reduced more significantly then the analyst understands, something that happens frequently as accurate battle damage assessments are hard to do in the middle of combat, then the collector may never see the element described by the indicator because its size doesnt match. This list of Essential Elements of Information (EEI) can be used as a guide for emergency medical planners and responders. B-63. Specified by the commander for each operation. What behavioral health assets can HHS OPDIVs and ESF#8 partners roster and deploy as necessary after landfall? However, generating these keywords and phrases is also crucial for the research stage when using the internet. These teams regularly update terrain information to reflect the effects of combat, as well as of nature. Commanders do not command civilian organizations in their AOs. Identification of EEFI is the first action in the operations security (OPSEC) process, which commanders use to determine measures to protect this information (OPSEC measures). The GMTI indicates that a company size formation is moving towards 3-21IN and 1-5INs positions and a larger battalion size element is moving towards 1-24INs position. It occurs continually. People are the most often overlooked and most important part of a computer-based information system. This is the information part of an information system, and whether that is statistical data, sets of instructions, lists of names or even graphics and animations, it is all key to a CBIS. What activates, operations, transnational organizations, networks, and/or entities within Atropia pose the greatest threat to regional security/stability? Number of health care/social services/child care facilities closed due to power outages, damage, utility issues, etc. Engineer topographic teams produce terrain analysis products to help commanders visualize the effect of terrain on operations. This is information that helps to coordinate what type of collection asset would best be able to collect the information needed to answer the PIR. It also requires subordinates to thoroughly understand the commander's intent. Answering this question, however, is the goal of the rest of the process. Software, the second element of a CBIS, is what tells the hardware how to function. B-46. The term includes all civilians within an AO as well as those outside the AO whose actions, opinions, or political influence can affect the mission. Information Requirements and Cognitive Hierarchy. Start out the presentation by addressing the audience and by appealing to them. What systems are in place to distribute necessary supplies, equipment and support for infrastructure deficits? During planning, CCIR are established by WARNO. B-59. They tell the analyst what information the commander needs most in order to make decisions that can potentially change the outcome of the mission and save soldiers lives. When commanders identify decisive terrain, they specify actions related to it as one or more key tasks in the commander's intent. While this is a simplified example the process can work just as simply and straight forward in an actual combat situation. Nor do mission commanders have to settle for PIR that dont give him the answers he needs to make a decision. An immediate priority for command and staff action. Appendix B Essential Elements of Information. Have environmental conditions (i.e. B-30. Enemy commanders do the same. It asks for information regarding: the number of partners that reported requested EEI (which can be divided by the number that reported Are sufficient procedures in place to monitor the physical and mental health and well-being of emergency workers; perform field investigations and studies to address worker health and safety issues; and provide technical assistance and consultation on worker health and safety measures and precautions? Organizations involved in recovery should develop EEIs to support their situational awareness and assessment efforts prior . It is preferable to distribute the plan prior to the start of the next operational period to allow providing agencies and elements planning and acquisition time.Instructions for Completion of ESF #8 Essential Elements of Information (EEI) Worksheet for Radiological Dispersal Device (RDD) Response Prior to distributing the ICP, the Information Cell should select the EEIs that are to be collected for the Operating Period specified. Using the example PIR above How will the Donovian commander use his fixing forces? and previously developed enemy courses of action, EEIs are used to identify all the possible locations the Donovian commander could feasibly use his fixing forces during his attack. The source used by the data collector. It is essential to identifying exceptional information. 2. Are there any environmental health risks? Part 4 - Specific Information Requirements: The last part of a PIR is the Specific Information Requirement (SIR). The EEI are specific to a particular event, thing, or other target individual. The analyst must know what information to look for, in this example the analyst must know what a fixing force is, what a fixing force typically is comprised of, and how the enemy deploys a fixing force either by their doctrine or by knowing how the enemy they are up against has used them in the past. You want readers to know what they're looking at right away by including a descriptive title and subheads, like the ones . Dead space is an area within the maximum range of a weapon, radar, or observer, which cannot be covered by fire or observation from a particular position because of intervening obstacles, the nature of the ground, or the characteristics of the trajectory, or the limitations of the pointing capabilities of the weapon (JP1-02). Preparedness and Response. Part 4 - Specific Information Requirements. Commanders have only a limited ability to influence them, although terrain includes manmade structures, such as roads and cities. Radiation Laboratory Response Network (RadLRN). Complete information on terrain is more than data on features, slope and elevation, soil conditions, and vegetation; it also includes their impact on vehicle and human movement rates, maintenance, tempo, trafficability, and maneuverability by various types of forces. B-52. These responsibilities may include providing humanitarian assistance. Which results in the Brigade commander executing the decision to commit the reinforcing element to 1-24INs position. The components that allow one computer to communicate with another are hardware and are controlled by software. What are the safety and health recommendations for facilities that cannot be evacuated (if requested by the state)? Depending on who you ask, there may be five or six elements to a computer-based information system. B-14. Has CDC been alerted to deploy for human bioassay, contamination/dose assessment, and consultation in victim decontamination? The handful of simple questions contained within the Commanders Critical Information Requirements guide the intelligence collectors and analysts towards providing the commander the information needed to make timely and accurate decisions. Hardware refers to the computers themselves, along with any and all peripherals, including servers, routers, monitors, printers and storage devices. (See FM 3-13.) From the Collection Battalion to the Army Service Component Command (ASCC), PIR (and the analysis that goes into answering them) are one the most important tasks of the Intelligence enterprise. The commander and C2 system piece together multiple bits of data to make information; analysis and evaluation of numerous pieces of information produce knowledge. To visualize enemy forces, commanders need detailed intelligence, such as, speed of advance, tempo, and strengths and weaknesses. Data is the lowest level of information on the cognitive hierarchy. Because the ASCC has a larger footprint to support than a maneuver Division ACE, a PIR-driven analytical process is critical in order to manage the organizational resources throughout the depth of the Area of Operations (AO). In the case of PIRs, especially PIR that are CCIR, resource allocation involves tasking ISR assets to collect the information and process it into intelligence. Commanders base their situational understanding on the COP. Essential Elements of Information is the required documents to support your grant. In Evaluating Immunities before a Special Tribunal for Aggression Against Ukraine, the Type of Tribunal Matters, Chinas Ferry Tale Taiwan Invasion Plan Is A Legal Nightmare, China Maritime Report No. Commanders and staffs can recognize relationships among events in the area of interest, discern the way the enemy thinks, and forecast what he might do. What is the status of transportation (assets and routes, including air, ground, rail and accessible transportation)? Without software, the hardware wouldn't be very useful. Exceptional information is-. Keeping this focus demands vision on the part of the commander and understanding of the commander's intent and CCIR by subordinates. Civil considerations of the environment can either help or hinder friendly or enemy forces; the difference lies in which commander has taken time to learn the situation and its possible effects on the operation. Small Wars Journal is published by Small Wars Foundation - a 501(c)(3) non-profit corporation. What Are the Four Basic Functions of a Computer. Staffs identify RI for their particular IRs from the mass of available data within the COP and transform it into knowledge and understanding. Integration occurs as information moves up the cognitive hierarchy. CCIR and IR are the categories used to prioritize collection asset allocation and information processing within the C2 system. Effective staffs ensure that the vast amount of other information they collect is truly RI and not just nice to have. Data consist of unprocessed signals communicated between any nodes in an information system, or sensings from the environment detected by a collector of any kind (human, mechanical, or electronic). What is the projected requirement for medical supplies/ pharmaceuticals? These situations require commanders to influence the leaders of these organizations through persuasion. What is the Federal plan for distribution and allocation of medical supplies to include main and alternate supply points and supporting terminals to be used or considered? You can record yourself speaking in class to measure your cadence, and adjust. Is DOD assistance available to provide patient transport/ground transport capability support, including at-risk populations? Is DOD assistance available to provide installation support for Federal medical capabilities? Commanders ensure their soldiers understand that a tactically successful operation can also be operationally or strategically counterproductive because of the way in which they execute it or how the people perceive its execution. Standard supporting plans, such as rear area security plans, are a form of TTP. They form the basis for some security operations. PIRs identify the information about the enemy and other aspects of the operational environment that the commander considers most important.[i] Answering a PIR will result in one of the commanders decision point criteria being met. See Regional Analysis and Louisiana Recovery Plan for facilities sheltering in place. (See FM 5-102.). All the essential topics in information theory are covered in detail, including . U.S. Army Doctrine Reference Publication (ADRP) 5-0, by ICAIE (International Coalition Against Illicit Economies), by Rice University's Baker Institute for Public Policy, by Global Initiative Against Transnational Organized Crime, by Center for International Maritime Security (CIMSEC), by Strategic Perspectives 41, National Defense University, by Geneva Academy of International Humanitarian Law and Human Rights, by C/O Futures Terrorism Research Note Series, by PKSOI (Peacekeepimh and Stability Operations Institute), The Fighting in Sudan is an Armed Conflict: Heres What Law Applies, Are drug cartels 'terrorist organizations'? EEFI establish information to protect, not information to obtain. The second factor to consider is the enemy-dispositions (including organization, strength, location, and tactical mobility), doctrine, equipment, capabilities, vulnerabilities, and probable courses of action (COAs). What is the status of each FMS: occupied beds, vacant/available beds, supplies & equipment, patient contacts and capacity for at-risk populations since last report? 2-Geography has SIX Essential Elements. Knowledge, including aspects of running estimates, can often be represented on displays of the COP. B-25. Apart from the elements found in organic compounds (i.e. The Indicator tells the collector what information the analyst wants to know about about. They are the second way FEMA informs Applicants of required project-specific documentation. A PIR, along with Friendly Force Information Requirements (FFIR) and Essential Elements of Friendly Information (EEFI), is one of the three components of a Commanders Critical Information Requirement which is outlined in ADRP 5-0 as, an intelligence requirement, stated as a priority for intelligence support, that the commander and staff need to understand the adversary or the operational environment (JP 2-0). Use Audience Segmentation Wrap Up Why Send an Introduction Email? Percentage of individuals with disabilities, under 18, rely on electricity dependent medical equipment, etc. There can be many different kinds of people living and operating in and around an AO. As the name implies this is the information that indicates what the analyst is looking for is actually taking place. Progress toward? (Occupied Beds/ Vacant Beds/ Bed Requirements). ESSENTIAL ELEMENTS OF FRIENDLY INFORMATION. Time-sensitive. Instructions for Completion of ESF #8 Essential Elements of Information (EEI) Worksheet for Radiological Dispersal Device (RDD) Response Prior to distributing the ICP, the Information Cell should select the EEIs that are to be collected for the Operating Period specified. Status of progress? Stable weather conditions favor the use of chemical and biological agents. The handful of simple questions contained within the Commanders Critical Information Requirements guide the intelligence collectors and analysts towards providing the commander the information needed to make timely and accurate decisions. (PED), analysis, and intelligence synchronization. The world's increasing urbanization means that the attitudes and activities of the civilian population in the AO often influence the outcome of military operations. Cognition is primarily a human mental activity. You follow the process, and measure those items that are critical to quality. It addresses the following related concepts: the cognitive hierarchy of information, relevant information categories by subject (METT-TC) and by usage, information management categories, and relevant information quality criteria. An appreciation of terrain-the ability to analyze its impact on operations-is one of a commander's most important skills. PIR focus on "how I (the commander) see the enemy." CCIR are not static. From this, commanders can determine how organizations and military forces can work together toward common goals when necessary. Uncover Important Keywords and Phrases. Radiation Injury Treatment Network (RITN). The enemy, terrain and weather, and civil consideration contributions to the COP come from many sources, including intelligence, surveillance, and reconnaissance (ISR) assets and combat information. The approach intentionally privileges productive language skills "from the beginning," she says. Once a commander initiates an operation, the enemy attempts to determine the friendly concept of operations and defeat it. These visits also provide insights into the intangibles that data and reports cannot capture. Strategic intelligence is information that is needed to formulate policy and military plans at the international and national policy levels. The commander's analysis of observation and fields of fire considers many factors, including the location and effect of dead space. Commanders also consider the consequences of using it. One of the misnomers regarding Priority Intelligence Requirements is that there can be only one set at a time. Differences in mobility, protection, firepower, equipment, morale, experience, leadership, and training make some units more suitable for certain missions than others. Essential elements of information can range anywhere from road closures, evacuation center status, total disaster costs, ICU beds occupied, debris management and more. Civil considerations generally focus on the immediate impact of civilians on operations in progress; however, they also include larger, long-term diplomatic, informational, and economic issues at higher levels. Column 2, Essential Element of Information The category/functional element of data to be collected. What is the projected requirement for blood product support? If the military's mission is to support civil authorities, civil considerations define the mission. All are highly effective tools for painting the picture of the battlefield for the commander, yet this level is synchronization is often underused or incorrectly implemented in the intelligence enterprise. All projects in Grants Portal have an EEI section that must be completed prior to submission of the grant to FEMA for review. These are two distinct questions that have a positive or negative answer. B-4. Cover is protection from the effects of fires. So where are the pilots? Simultaneously, bad weather can help the defender by making offensive movement more difficult. It also tells the higher headquarters that helping you answer your PIR helps them answer theirs potentially making them more willing to assist you. Has a Joint Field Office been established? An air force unit might have the following EEI about SA-20 batteries: A medical crisis manager might have the following EEIs:[5]. What state(s) need assistance? A good avenue of approach allows ease of movement and good cover, concealment, observation, and fields of fire. IM begins (at the lower left corner of figure B-2) with questions that the commander and staff need answered to exercise C2. Commanders remain familiar with organizations operating in their AOs. B-50. : IMR-2s following a large formation T-72 main battle tanks and/or BMPs moving in attack formation. The same terrain feature may not be key for all COAs. Techwalla may earn compensation through affiliate links in this story. Original content is published under aCreative Commons Licenseper ourTerms of Use. HPP-PHEP 6.1: Information Sharing. CCIR may include a latest time information of value (LTIOV) to indicate time sensitivity. Data, or information, is the third element of a CBIS. The commander and staff must address exceptional information before the operation can continue. Because collection assets are limited, a method of prioritizing collection and processing is required. Terrain is normally analyzed using the five military aspects of terrain, expressed in the memory aid, OAKOC: Commanders consider all five aspects when analyzing terrain. This provides a clear set of priorities for allocating resources to answer IRs. 52 likes, 5 comments - finekigali_tours & Adventures (@finekigali) on Instagram: "Nyandungu Urban Wetland Ecotourism park is a 120 hectares of surface area, Rwandan . What is the scope of the incident and the response? Campaign PIRs are enduring questions that could take several years to answer if there ever truly can be a definitive answer. Some-such as, bridges, communications towers, power plants, and dams-are traditional high-payoff targets. What is the behavioral health bed status in the affected and surrounding areas/ status of NDMS? This integration is essential to reaching understanding because it involves reducing the total number of bits to consider at any one time. carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen), plants, animals, and microorganisms all require a range of elements in inorganic forms in varying . On a daily basis, what behavioral health care assets can HHS OPDIVS and ESF#8 partners deploy in support of the state(s)? B-34. US, Mexican leaders have strong opinions, Policy Brief: Emerging Transnational Organized Crime Threats in Latin America: Converging Criminalized Markets & Illicit Vectors, Maximizing the potential of American irregular warfare in strategic competition, Opinion: Dont blur the lines by calling Mexican drug cartels terrorist organizations, Armed Conflicts Spread Contaminated Water and Disease: Heres How to Better Protect Civilians, Deterring the Next Invasion: Applying the Accumulation of Events Theory to Cyberspace, TThe next big threat to AI might already be lurking on the web, Migrant Caravans: A Deep Dive Into Mass Migration through Mexico and the Effects of Immigration Policy, Managing Risk for Special Operations Forces in Large-Scale Combat Operations, The grey zone: Russia's military, mercenary and criminal engagement in Africa, Deadly Rio de Janeiro: Armed Violence and the Civilian Burden, North Koreas Political Warfare Strategy Has Failed: ROK U.S. Alliance Needs A Superior Strategy. However, information alone has no meaning. EEFI are often key factors in designing military deception operations. Human modification of terrain can change the shape of the land or its trafficability. These include supplies and support available from joint, multinational, and interagency forces. 4-Uses Mental maps to organize information about people, places, and environment spatially. B-21. A more appropriate way to ask the question is, How will the Donovian commander use his fixing forces? As will be illustrated in the later sections of this piece, answering this question as apposed to the previous one can provide more detailed insights into the enemy commanders thought process and can trigger the blue force commander to make a decision. What is the hospital surge capacity in the anticipated path of the storm? The COP is derived from data, information, and knowledge common to all echelons. Include a Call-to-Action (CTA) How to Make The Most of a Welcome Email (3 Tips) 1. (See paragraphs B-68-B-72.) The C2 system collects RI-friendly, enemy, and environmental-and uses it to create the COP. Information, in the general sense, is the meaning humans assign to data. Until data is processed, it is often difficult to tell if it is relevant. Send Emails in a Series 2. While staffs may support commanders in achieving understanding, the most important understanding is that which commanders achieve. What is the projected requirement for aeromedical evacuation (ambulatory and non-ambulatory), including at-risk population? What staging areas are being used by Federal responders? Each level of information has a different value in supporting command and control (C2). CCIR are-. What is the plan for behavioral health surveillance during/after the operation? B-58. These questions require staffs to modify IRs and commanders to modify their CCIR. Where is the enemy and what is he going to do? However, as with all information, collectors should focus, as much as possible, only on data needed to determine the information required to build the common operational picture (COP). : How does the analyst know he or she has answered an EEI? Without this focus collectors and analysts are left to determine for themselves what they think the priority is. Essential Elements of Information (EEIs) are the key pieces of qualitative and quantitative data necessary to develop situational awareness for decision-making. B-55. B-72. The commander and staff consider RI for each category in all military operations. In intelligence: Levels of intelligence they are usually called the essential elements of information and are defined as those items of intelligence information about a foreign power, armed force, target, or physical environment that are absolutely vital for timely and accurate decision making. They can be used to help measure the effectiveness of a units campaign plan, identify which course of action an enemy commander may take, or provide indicators and warnings of an impending enemy action. Part 2 - Essential Elements of Information, : The first subcomponent that a PIR is comprised of is the Essential Elements of Information or EEI. Also called EEIs. Potable Water, Wastewater and Solid Waste Disposal. Addressing the problems posed by change requires considerable time and resources. Figure 2. They are crafted as described above in order to assist the analyst in supporting the commanders decision making. Have rates of psychiatric illness been restored to pre-event levels? By its nature, identifying exceptional information relies on the initiative of subordinate commanders and the staff. Has response included the preparation and distribution strategy for safety messages in print, alternative formats and PSAs for radio and/or TV, including use of sign language interpreters and other non-English languages (e.g., food and water safety consumption and contamination, guidelines for decontamination etc.). A reinforcing obstacle's effectiveness varies with the type of force negotiating it, the fires covering it, the nature of the obstacle, and the weather. What number of FDA-regulated establishments (food, feed, drugs, medical devices, cosmetics) require inspectional follow-up by FDA? When will DHS/FEMA identify staging bases? Processing includes filtering, fusing, formatting, organizing, collating, correlating, plotting, translating, categorizing, and arranging. Figure B-2. Have communications been established with the JIC and State EOCs? (See FM 22-100.). The answering of this PIR causes the triggering of a Decision Point. B-65. B-44. An introduction email should be part of your company's broader email marketing strategy. Have essential services been restored? What measures are State and local officials taking to accommodate inbound relief traffic in light of possible evacuation route (counter flow)? While true understanding should be the basis for their decisions, commanders realize that uncertainty and time preclude achieving perfect situational understanding before deciding and acting. Is DOD assistance available to provide patient transport/strategic lift capability support? What local partners and NGOs are operational in affected areas with the capacity to deliver critical health/safety information to affected individuals/areas, including the at-risk population? It avoids obstacles and contributes to protection of the force by providing adequate maneuver space.
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