The residue obtained after heating, called the anhydrous compound, will have a different structure and texture and may have a different color than the hydrate. Kieran Sidebotham A minor scale definition: am I missing something? Ferrous or iron(II) compounds can easily be oxidised to ferric Water lost: 4.60g. I would go with a full fledged error propagation analysis on this one, because without systematic approach you might be guessing forever. \[ \underbrace{\ce{CuSO4*5H2O (s)}}_{\text{Deep Blue}} \ce{->[\Delta]} \underbrace{ \ce{CuSO4 (s)}}_{\text{Ashy White}} \ce{+ 5 H2O (g)} \label{1}\], \[ \underbrace{\ce{CuSO4 (s)}}_{\text{Ashy White}} \ce{->[\ce{H2O (l)} ]} \underbrace{ \ce{CuSO4 (aq)}}_{\text{Deep Blue}} \label{2}\]. 1. Lab 2: Determine the Percentage of Water in a Hydrate: The goal of this experiment is to learn how to properly calculate the ratio of salt to water, in a hydrated salt, and to calculate the percentage of water (by mass) within a hydrated salt. This error is almost completely determined by the error in $W_e$. However, immediately after the first heating, It can be clearly seen that the heated copper sulfate has now transformed into a grainy and whitish-gray form. You will be able to edit the document to your needs and share it with your students. (However, this is not likely to be the sole cause of the inaccuracies within this experiment, though it may contribute to it. Concepts covered include:Definition of a hydrateHow the chemical formulas of hydrates are written Nomenclature of hydratesHow to determine the formula of a hydrate with examleUses of hydrates, Students find the percent water, calculate percent error and using simple steps of 1-4 find empirical formula for copper(II) sulfate crystals. There was no sign of $\ce{CuO}$ after the heating. When heated gently, the red burgundy \(\ce{CoCl2*6H2O}\) will decomposes into the violet \(\ce{CoCl2*2H2O}\) then to the blue anhydrous \(\ce{CoCl2}\). Percent error **hint set up the table with percent composition for water** Percent error = actual % experimental % X 100 = ____ % actual %. temperature change caused by the reaction is hard to measure. Quizzes with auto-grading, and real-time student data. 10/4/17 * Lead II nitrate
For $\Delta W_0$ I think it is safe to say that this is only the inaccuracy of the scale, so perhaps $0.01$ g. For $\Delta W_e$ I would go for the worst case scenario: that all of the 0.6% impurity in the original copper sulfate has evaporated, meaning that the weight will be off by 0.6% times $W_0$ i.e. Heated crucible with hydrated copper sulfate for 3 minutes, before increasing heat, and heating it for 5 more minutes. The accepted value is about #36.075%# , so I would say that your results are not ideal, but that they should fall within the accepted range. They are very math intensive, and very conceptual in nature. If a chemical reaction occurred, write a balanced equation for it. : an American History (Eric Foner), Chemistry: The Central Science (Theodore E. Brown; H. Eugene H LeMay; Bruce E. Bursten; Catherine Murphy; Patrick Woodward), Biological Science (Freeman Scott; Quillin Kim; Allison Lizabeth), The definition of a hydrate is a chemical that contai, ), hydrated ferrous sulfate, hydrated cobalt sulfate, sucrose, epson salt, 4 test tubes, test, Seidel's Guide to Physical examination (043), Educational Psychology and Development of Children Adolescents (D094), Language Arts Instruction and Intervention (C365), Health Assessment Of Individuals Across The Lifespan (NUR 3065L), Introduction To Project Management Software (CSBU539), PHIL ethics and social responsibility (PHIL 1404), Professional Application in Service Learning I (LDR-461), Advanced Anatomy & Physiology for Health Professions (NUR 4904), Principles Of Environmental Science (ENV 100), Operating Systems 2 (proctored course) (CS 3307), Comparative Programming Languages (CS 4402), Business Core Capstone: An Integrated Application (D083), A&p exam 3 - Study guide for exam 3, Dr. Cummings, Fall 2016, BMGT 364 Planning the SWOT Analysis of Silver Airways, Lesson 13 Paleoseismology Case Studies; Induced Seismicity, Skill Blood Admin - Active Learning Template, Philippine Politics and Governance W1 _ Grade 11/12 Modules SY. Fill half of the flask with distilled water, add the stopper for the flask, and lightly shake the flask, until the copper sulfate pentahydrate fully dissolved. Measured mass of crucible with anhydrous copper sulfate: 37.3005g Paragraph #1: Purpose and a brief description of what you did. Sulphate. Try to avoid and popping or . The copper sulfate is dissolved in 100ml of water that is distilled and contained in . In this experiment, the percentage by mass of sulfate in an unknown sulfate salt will be determined by gravimetric analysis. The water is present in a definite and consistent ratio. Hows your energy level around mid-morning?This health trio bundle will give you and your students the much-needed information as to why eating breakfast, hydrating with the right liquids and sleeping well are important parts of keeping your body and well-being healthy. * Vinegar
In an evaporating dish, gently heat a small amount (0.3 - 0.5 g) of CoCl 2 6H 2O crystals until its color changes to violet then to blue. Ignited Bunsen Burner, and heated crucible for 12 minutes. Measure out between 1 and 4 grams of copper sulfate hydrate that you have crushed into the crucible. Making statements based on opinion; back them up with references or personal experience. > A C @ 6 bjbjWW 9n 5 5 r. We can also (via stochiometric and molar ratios), calculate the ratio of salt to water. Calculated the percentage of water in the hydrated salt: Determined amount of anhydrous salt by dividing the mass of the copper sulfide by the number of grams per mole, in 1 mole of copper sulfide: 0.01058mol, Determined amount of water lost, by dividing the mass of the water lost during heating, by the number of grams per mole in 1 mole of water: 0.0565mol. The solvent was the dissolving substance and the solute was the substance being dissolved. When it is all white the water has been removed and the anhydrate is left. So now the final thing left to do is estimate how big $\Delta W_0$ and $\Delta W_e$ are.
Anhydrate: The compound after the water molecule has been removed. I could perhaps have not heated the hydrate enough, and not driven off all the water but then Id have less than 5, not more, waters per mol. Hence 0.267/0.0515 = 5.18mol water per mol copper sulphate. What does that x value tell you? In this lab students will heat a hydrate and from their collected data, calculate their percent error, and calculate the number of moles water in the hydrategiving them the final formula for the hydrate. Pre-made digital activities. A. For Part 2: Single-Displacement Reactions: For each of the four single-displacement reactions, describe what happened in each well. The error you find falls within the worst-case expected error due to impurity and potentially adhered water. Send me a message, I'd love to hear from you! Use crucible tongs when cleaning the crucible with concentrated nitric acid. So the practical involved taking hydrated copper sulphate, heating it to drive off the water, weighing before and after, and thus calculating the number of water molecules of crystallisation, based on the respective molecular weights of the anhydrous salt and water. Heat the content of the crucible with its cover slightly open to allow the water of hydration to escape, first gently (about 10 minutes), then strongly (about 5 minutes). These compounds are not considered true hydrates as the hydration process is not reversible. Measured mass of crucible again: 36.1571g, Measured mass of (hydrous) copper sulfate: 2.1614g, Measured mass of crucible with (hydrous) copper sulfate: 38.3189g, Heated crucible with hydrated copper sulfate for 3 minutes, before increasing heat, and heating it for 5 more minutes. They are typically named by stating the name of the anhydrous component followed by the Greek prefix specifying the number of moles of water present then the word hydrate (example: \(\ce{MgSO4*7H2O}\): magnesium sulfate heptahydrate). There are a couple sources of error during the experiment, one would be the fact that we aren't entirely sure that the water had completely evaporated from the Copper (II) Sulfate and the Magnesium Sulfate. Once dissolved, fill the rest of the volumetric . TPT empowers educators to teach at their best. Is this a true hydrate? You did what I thought of doing but didn't get around to do. Be sure to subtract out the crucible before putting it into the proper space above. Your values correspond to a #38.169%# water percent composition for copper(II) sulfate pentahydrate. Accessibility StatementFor more information contact us atinfo@libretexts.org. -Pre soaked popsicle, Graded Assignment Excellent layout. Mathematics was used to explore wate, servation of mass and the reversibility properties in question. This means, This lesson plan assists elementary students in understanding why it is important to drink plenty of water. The water present in the latter case is called water of hydration or water of crystallization. * Salt
Bunsen Burner or Hot PlateComplete Lesson: PPT, Warm-up, Exit Ticket, Lab PaperStudents: drive off water of hydration calculate percent water use percent water and given elemental percentages to find formulaLab Contains: Student Lab Sheet Student Lab Make-up Sheet for Absent Students Student Lab Sheet with Answers in Italics Lab Quiz - Use as exit ticket, next day warm-up or quiz Lab Qui, This is a great lab to introduce or reinforce percent composition and empirical formulas.
), During heating, some of the hydrous salt may have spattered, thus removing a portion of the hydrous salt from the crucible (A more likely source of error, considering that this would result in a greater difference between the two ratios, and percentages. (8 points)
The goal of this experiment was to determine the product of copper (II) sulfate with iron. Other hygroscopic substances, such as solid \(\ce{NaOH}\), absorb so much water from the atmosphere that they dissolve in this water, these substances are said to be deliquescent. Finding the formula of hydrated copper(II) sulfate | Experiment | RSC Education In this experiment students will measure the mass of hydrated copper(II) sulfate before and after heating and use mole calculations to find the formula. Record the mass and place the solute into a 50 mL volumetric flask. 5 H 2 O 6. Send me a message, I'd love to hear from you! Le Chateliers principle predicts that an addition of heat to an endothermic reaction (heat is a reactant) will shift the reaction to the right (product side). Weigh the crucible with its cover to the nearest 0.001 g. Making sure to handle the crucible and its cover with clean tongs, add about 1 g (weighed to the nearest 0.001 g) of the unknown hydrate. The reason why this is a source of error is because as time passed between the measurements, the copper sulfate hydrate sample absorbed humidity (water) from the atmosphere and therefore increased its mass. All rights reserved. He weighs a clean and dry crucible with its cover and records a mass of 18.456 g. He then weighs the sample in the crucible and cover and obtains a mass of 19.566 g. He heats the sample, allows it to cool to room temperature and reweighs it to obtain a mass of 19.062 g. In the process, the samples color changed from red- burgundy to blue. Building on previous knowledge of ions and formulas from Part One & Two are included in the Exit Ticket and the Homework. +1. Why don't we use the 7805 for car phone chargers? C.7.A: The student is expected to name ionic compounds containing main gr, Lab: Determining the Composition of a HydrateFor students in Grades 8-12.INTRODUCTION:Hydrates are ionic compounds that have a number of water molecules attached as part of their structure. * Ammonium hydroxide
This worksheet is a great follow-up to 42-Naming Hydrates. This is probably a small effect. This lab will go in your lab book. The mass was reduced to 7.58 g. What is the formula of the hydrate? Copyright 2023. In this lab, the student will determine the percentage of water in the hydrate by comparing the mass of the hydrate to the mass of the anhydrous salt. In this part, pea-, sized samples (1-3g) were place separately in test tubes and heated for approxim, Principles of Environmental Science (William P. Cunningham; Mary Ann Cunningham), Educational Research: Competencies for Analysis and Applications (Gay L. R.; Mills Geoffrey E.; Airasian Peter W.), Brunner and Suddarth's Textbook of Medical-Surgical Nursing (Janice L. Hinkle; Kerry H. Cheever), Campbell Biology (Jane B. Reece; Lisa A. Urry; Michael L. Cain; Steven A. Wasserman; Peter V. Minorsky), Civilization and its Discontents (Sigmund Freud), Business Law: Text and Cases (Kenneth W. Clarkson; Roger LeRoy Miller; Frank B. No trace of black, and indeed we dissolved the anhydrous salt in water (for growing some seed crystals later), and there was no insoluble residue. Given the data presented above, findings showed the experimental percentage of water within the hydrated salt to be: 47.10%, The accepted percentage of water within hydrated copper sulfate is:36.07%, As such, the percent error within this measurement is30.57%, The experimental stoichiometric ratio between copper sulfate and water was found to be: 1:5.314, The accepted stoichiometric ratio between copper sulfate and water is: 1:5, The percent error within this measurement is 5.909%. In this section we will determine the number of moles of water present per mole of anhydrous solid in a given hydrate. (3 points) Our goal is to determine this value by comparing the moles of copper sulfate (anhydrate) to the moles of water. First, a pre-weighed sample of the unknown sulfate salt will be dissolved in water. Because the pipette was not exact, the amount of Copper Sulfate and distilled water that was put in the test tubes was not exact. Hypothesis (answer in a complete sentence in lab book). You will find that most students will obtain the expected results pretty much dead on, and the students love the very low percent erro, Students get to discover the formula of a hydrate with real world experimental techniques in this lab! What is "water of hydration" and how does it affect me (you)? { "01:_Using_Excel_for_Graphical_Analysis_of_Data_(Experiment)" : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.
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