In 1924, his company went bankrupt for lack of consumer interest in the product. Guests had to keep three of Mrs. Post's rules in mind. [1] Um de nove filhos, Birdseye cresceu no Brooklyn antes de ir para a Universidade de Amherst e comear sua carreira cientfica com o governo dos Estados Unidos. Please refer to the appropriate style manual or other sources if you have any questions. Whenever you grab a frozen dinner for a quick, prep-free meal, you're in some debt to Clarence "Bob" Birdseye (1886-1956). How did they produce a frozen fish better than anything he had eaten in the big city? How did the locals do it? Face-to-face conversations were being replaced by hurried telephone calls, the article suggested, and labor- saving technology was only making us more sedentary. Clarence Birdseye died on October 7, 1956, from a heart attack at the Gramercy Park Hotel in New York City. It was to Topridge that Mrs. Post and her friends went in summer. The Closes had two children before they were divorced 14 years later. Innovators Clarence Birdseye", "The Inventor Who Put Frozen Peas on Our Tables", "Clarence Birdseye Eats His Way Through Labrador", "The story of Birds Eye begins with our founder, Clarence Birdseye", "Clarence Birdseye And His Fantastic Frozen Food Machine", "Clarence Birdseye Is Dead at 69. Students can follow Cade's success story from his education at Montclair High School to his career as a fur trader and life in Labrador, Canada. This included everything from the boxes he packed the fish in to the machine that froze them and everything in between from waterproof inks and glues to scaling and filleting machines. hide caption, Birdseye's original multiplate freezing machine froze food fast the secret to maintaining fresh flavor. Birdseye, Clarence. Clarence Birdseye died on Oct. 7, 1956 at a home he kept at the Gramercy Park Hotel in Manhattan. Under her father's in fluence, she had collected sou venir sterling silver teaspoons as a child, and later accumulat ed a magnificent collection of 18thcentury lace, Louis XVI furniture and numerous other antiques. 1,802,369. She is sur vived by three daughters, Mrs. Leon Barzin of Paris and Mrs. Augustus Riggs 4th of Wood bine, Md., by her first marriage, to Edward Close, and Mts. Frogs may turn into princes. No more ease and comfort, no more convenience. Even in the New York City of Birdseyes childhood, tin-lined wooden iceboxes were already commonplace, one of the first generation of household conveniences that would later seem indispensable. And no one wants to be there. Marjorie idolized her father, who taught her the value of dollar, how to run the company, a love of flowers (he conducted contests among his employes for the best gardens) and how to box. (23 April 1935). Updates? Clif ford P. Robertson 3d of New York, who is known profession ally as Dina Merrill, the actress, by her second marriage, to Ed ward F. Hutton. Washington, DC: U.S. Patent and Trademark Office. Clarence Birdseye Achievements and Awards: The frozen products were distributed across the country by train using refrigerated boxcars that Birdseye's business started renting in 1944. By 1927, he was able to sell his business toGoldman Sachs and the Postum Company to the tune of $22 million perhaps not much to pay for a successful company in 2017, but a massive fortune back in the late 20s. 1,905,131. Inspired by what he saw there, he returned home and, in 1924, devised a machine to reproduce the Arctic cold. The eating got even better when Birdseye relocated to Labrador in 1912 to seek his fortune in the fox-fur trade. May, Pittsburgh indus trialist. The ice fields at either end of the globe, hundreds of feet deep, hold traces of the atmosphere of thousands of years past. Refrigerating apparatus. Its melting glaciers and rising seas provide a look into our future, too. The promise of convenience is that it will save us time and smooth out the many small frictions that complicate our days. Birdseye died of a heart attack at the Gramercy Park Hotel on October 7, 1956, at the age of 69. He called it Postum. [7] In 1917, Birdseye's father and elder brother Kellogg went to prison for defrauding their employer; whether this was related to Birdseye's withdrawal from Amherst is unclear. But even as Weber was writing, others were offering the first critiques of the emerging time-obsessed culture and the conveniences that fed it. She also played golf on her ninehole course at each home (It's exercise golf when I play, she said) and walked on her sprawling properties daily. While most of her party guests drank liquor, she contented herself with fruit or vegetable juice. [17] He was cremated and his ashes were scattered in the sea off the coast of Gloucester, Massachusetts. TimesMachine is an exclusive benefit for home delivery and digital subscribers. During that time . The drive for greater convenience is, though, by its nature self-defeating. Together with Post Toasties and Grape Nuts, two other early products of the company he founded, it formed the basis of his fortune. The food would then be frozen under pressure between two flat . 1,977,373. Mar jorie was graduated in 1904, the same year the Posts were di vorced. [9] He was taught by the Inuit how to ice fish under very thick ice. Clarence Birdseye invented the Quick Freeze Machine in 1924. Among his favorite meals was rattlesnake fried in pork fat . YOU HAVE 20,000 FOLLOWERS: $100 per post at a $5/CPM. It was in Moscow that she greatly enlarged the collection of furnishings and objets d'art that she had been amassing for years. When Marjorie Merriweather Post was a little girl, her father told her that money was to be used to help other people. At formal balls, she often wore a tur quoiseanddiamond tiara or one made entirely of diamonds. Then, in 1923, he started his own company,Birdseye Seafoods Inc., selling fish frozen with Inuit-inspired sub-zero air. Convenience requires finding the fastest possible way to get across a continent (or even just your city at rush hour) and the easiest possible way to communicate with anyone, anywhere, anytime. These trends, according to the authors, contributed tohigh blood pressure,obesity and nervous strain., One of the knocks against conveniences has always been that even as they promise to save us time and trouble, they always seem to make us busier. In working out the answers to those questions, Birdseye helped change the way the world ate. Refrigerating apparatus. Beauport Hotel, with 94 guest rooms and suites, sits where once was a fish fillet flash-freezing plant owned by Clarence Birdseye, but had been closed since 2003. Establishing the modern frozen food industry. (16 October 1934). Her American Indian collection, which has been willed to the Smithsonian, is one of the world's finest. Every convenience comes at a cost and that cost is not always borne by the person enjoying the convenience. While on the trip, Birdseye observed Inuit performing their own version of flash-freezing. At about the time Birdseye arrived in icy Labrador, the British Antarctic expedition led by Sir Robert Falcon Scott, brave but ill-prepared, was discovering that the coolly practical Norwegian Roald Amundsen had beaten it to the South Pole by 34 days. With convenience food, one has no need for a dining room table, no need for a knife and fork and, for that matter, no need for other people. Needless to say, the twin curses of having too much to do and too little time in which to do it continue to plague some of us. Ice was the center of a global trade in the 19th century that transformed domestic life. U.S. Patent No. This discovery led Birdseye to get a job with theClothel Refrigerating Company to improve its methods for freezing fish. U.S. Patent No. Corrections? And with a few tweaks, this new machine could be used to freeze anything from berries to pork sausages.". Method and apparatus for freezing food products. (Postum later changed its name to General Foods.). In 1930, he researched refrigerated grocery display cabinets, and in 1934, he established a joint venture to produce them. Doing so, it quickly depleted stocks of fish in the seas off Labrador, and by the end of the 20th century, a halt had to be called to cod fishing. Say you like the looks of that sweater, but youre not sure which size to go with. Eleanor Talbot. I was born into the great midcentury flowering of convenience foods, the age of the TV dinner, instant coffee and Cool Whip. Clarence Birdseye Worksheets At Mrs. Post's dinner parties, the sense of organization she had learned from her father was evident even in table ar rangement. At her own houses, she supplied rubber caps for shoes so high heels would not scratch her floors. But as usual, the strongwilled Mrs. Post won out, Three years later, in 1929, Postum bought out the Birds eye operation for $20million and changed its name to the General Foods Corporation. General Foods founded the Birds Eye Frozen Food Company. We always seem to be getting closer to the ease we seek, but it somehow always escapes us. She was impressed with the Birdseye concept, although her husband wasn't. . YOU HAVE 20,000 FOLLOWERS: $100 per post at a $5/CPM. It overcame the limitations of local and seasonal food in unprecedented ways. U.S. Patent No. (12 August 1930). Similarly, convenience never satisfies us for long, because it soon becomes nothing more than an expectation, a necessity even. We have become connoisseurs of convenience, seeking out and paying a premium for homes that are conveniently located, dinners that are convenient to prepare, flights that leave at the most convenient times. This invention, along with the process which went with it, became the basis of the new frozen food industry, says Kurlansky, and "remained the basic commercial freezing system for decades.". The association between the season and frozen food remains so strong for me that to this day, I cannot open a freezer door without feeling residual pangs of self-reproach and contrition. A biography of his life was published by Doubleday over a half century after his death. Rapid freezing, at lower temperatures, gives crystals less time to form and thus does less damage.[12]. On another occasion a guest at one of her parties said, She comes into a room and every one else looks exhausted.. According to the White House, the estate may be used either as a Presidential re treat or as a guest house for important foreign visitors. And one of her great loves, the National Symphony, on whose board of directors she served, received more than $1.5million from her. Butlers worked all day centering tables, using yardsticks to measure the pre cise placement of dinner plates, napkins, silver and candlehold ers. Birdseye, Clarence. "At the age of 10 he was hunting and exporting live muskrats and teaching himself . He then improved this process by using hollow metal plates filled with an ammonia-based refrigerant. Early work In 1910 and 1911, he captured several hundred small mammals and isolated several thousand ticks for research . Born in 1886, he had a naturalist's curiosity, a love of food, and a strong entrepreneurial streak. Var ennes and a diamond necklace Napoleon had given to the Ern press Marie Louise. (To the British, a public convenience is a bathroom, and it doesnt get much more mundane than that.) They were divorced in 1964. Birdseye, Clarence. He was a founder of General Foods Corporation, and found new ways of reducing the time to freeze foods. Refrigerating apparatus. Do whatever you want re gardless of the planned activi ties offered, Mrs. Post would say in a softly modulated but firm voice. Not everyone would agree with that verdict of course, but it's harder to disagree with Kurlansky's claim that "Undeniably, Birdseye changed our civilization. He died on 18 June 2002, in New York City . Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). In this sense, ice is a container of time. [11], When food is frozen slowly, at temperatures near the freezing point, ice crystals form within the animal or vegetable cells; when the food thaws, cellular fluid leaks from the damaged tissue, giving the food a mushy or dry consistency. Initially, he could only spring for $7 worth of equipment . The magazine welcomes comments, but we do ask that they be on topic and civil. The two others were announced by the hostess at cocktails that preceded dinner on the first night of the guests' four or fiveday visits. [1], Clarence Birdseye was the sixth of nine children of Clarence Frank Birdseye, a lawyer in an insurance firm, and Ada Jane Underwood. 1,901,625. U.S. Patent No. Martens. This is a digitized version of an article from The Timess print archive, before the start of online publication in 1996. El libro " Birdseye: the adventures of a curious man " (Mark Kurlansky, Doubleday, New York, 2012) nos . Wars later she said: I'm not the richest woman in the world. The first such store, the Southland Ice Company in Dallas, run by a man called Uncle Johnny, began selling milk, bread and other groceries to make up for seasonal slumps in ice sales. Readers will enjoy getting the scoop on this Food Dude, beginning with his childhood in Brooklyn, New York. There are others bet ter off than I am. Birdseye was virtually obsessed with finding the potential limits to the food-freezing process. Although there was no lack of cream in predominantly agri cultural Russia, Mrs. Post had 2,000 pints of pasteurized creamfrozen by the Birdseye processand 25 refrigerators shipped ahead to the American Embassy, in Moscow. He added, I may be some time.. He lived in Gloucester, Essex, Massachusetts, United States in 1930 and Closter, Bergen, New Jersey, United States in 1956. Clarence Birdseye. Clarence Birdseye (1886-1956) found a way to flash-freeze foods and deliver them to the public - one of the most important steps forward ever taken in the food industry. Birdseye, Clarence. (29 August 1933). Method of preparing food products. The fact that much of the technological promise of The Jetsons has been realized, and yet we are still binge-watching Fleabag, should prompt skepticism about just how much convenience has to offer us. For all its everydayness, convenience is also utopian. Birdseye, Clarence (1886-1956) US industrialist and inventor, who developed a technique for deep-freezing foods. Using calcium chloride, Birdseye could chill metal belts to -45F and press the food between them, speeding up the freezing process. A Clarence Birdseye le gustaba ms la comida, en general, y todo lo relacionado con los animales y la naturaleza, en particular. Occasionally the digitization process introduces transcription errors or other problems; we are continuing to work to improve these archived versions. The naturalist Clarence Birdseye never met an animal that he didn't want to devour. Birdseye, Clarence. Articles from Britannica Encyclopedias for elementary and high school students. In essence, the machine squeezed waterproof cartons holding two inch blocks of fish between freezing plates that were kept between 20 and 50 degrees below Farenheit, for 75 minutes.The cartons never came into contact with the refrigerant and the neat packages were suitable for marketing to individual customers. Dok: Pixabay. Today, his Birds Eye products continue to populate virtually every frozen food section of every supermarket in the country. And when in later years she was asked what made her organized and effi cient, she would invariablyl reply: When Mr. Post's business later took him to Washington, Mar jorie was enrolled in Mount Vernon Seminary. Refrigerating apparatus. She donated the cost of the Boy Scouts of America headquarters in Washington. In 1930, the company began sales experiments in 18 retail stores around Springfield, Massachusetts, to test consumer acceptance of quick-frozen foods. You always want more. The fish had to be frozen in small portions both for speed and because he wanted to sell it to individual customers. She was impressed with the Birdseye concept, although her husband wasn't. And Birdseye's remarkable life uniquely prepared him to lead the world into its frozen future. She was known to buy Sears, Roe buck shoes for casual wear. (17 April 1934). [10] In -40C weather, he discovered that the fish he caught froze almost instantly, and when thawed, tasted fresh. It had to be done by hand. Washington, DC: U.S. Patent and Trademark Office. Even these last grand endeavors of the Heroic Age of Polar Exploration were imbued with the emerging industrial values of efficiency and time management. There it marketed and sold Birdseye's newest invention, the double belt freezer, in which cold brine chilled a pair of stainless steel belts carrying packaged fish, freezing the fish quickly. Weekly dances, especially square dances, were part of the schedule at all of Mrs. Post's homes. (25 April 1933). Birdseye's other inventions included special cellophane wrappings for frozen foods and . In Labrador, people often froze food in the winter because of the difficulty of obtaining fresh food; this solution to their problem spurred Birdseyes imagination. When she returned, having spoken by phone with her fi nancial advisers, she said, I'd like to take care of that, and announced a $100,000 gift for free concerts for the first year. Disclamer: the number about Clarence McClendon's Instagram salary income and Clarence McClendon's Instagram net worth are just estimation based on publicly available information about Instagram's monetization programs, it is by . As a subscriber, you have 10 gift articles to give each month. But it allowed them to be packed tightly into rectangular fiberboard boxes. He would freeze the food by packing it in cartons and wax-packing it. He founded the frozen food company Birds Eye. On the return trip, Scott and his men, faltering under deadly weather conditions and suffering from poor planning, perished of exposure and starvation just 11 miles short of the shelter and supply depot they had established. She bought it after selling her 316foot yacht, the Sea Cloud, a floating man sion on which she often enter tained up to 400 people. Thinking he could adapt the same principles to other foods like vegetables, Birdseye returned to the States in 1917 with the ambition of developing a quick-freeze machine. Clarence Birdseye naci en Brooklyn, Nueva York, el 9 de diciembre de 1886. No roads lead to the Adirondack hideaway, a camp with 30 main buildings. "When it thawed it was mushy and less appealing than even canned food," writes Kurlansky. Following her divorce, Mrs. Post denied rumors that she would marry Joseph E. Davies, a wealthy Washington lawyer. ndmag@nd.edu. Mrs. Post had been on its board of directors for 22 years when she became director ameritus in 1958. I like avoiding work as much as anyone. Oktober 1956 in New York starb, war Tiefkhlkost zu einer Milliarden-Dollar-Industrie geworden. Your purchase helps support NPR programming. He and his family returned to the US in 1917 and he took a series of jobs before joining the U.S. But it wasn't his net worth that made him . Its premise sounds comical harvest ice in Massachusetts and ship it to Martinique and India and New Orleans. $140 per post at $7/CPM. Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA This prevented large ice crystals from forming. After four years of planning and construc tion, MaraLago was complet ed in 1927 to replace it, Situat ed on 17 acres of landscaped grounds between the Atlantic Ocean and Lake Worth, the 50 room, crescentshaped, Hispano Moresque residence is consid ered one of the finest homes in the country. She remained principal stockholder, and in 1965 she reportedly held 7 per cent of the outstanding stock, worth about $128million. Her wardrobe also included more commonplace items. One in five American meals is consumed in a moving car, so entire repasts are now packaged to fit in cup holders (the category is called cup-holder cuisine, of course). Even if he didn't pioneer actual freezing, Kurlansky points out, that Birsdseye he had "to pioneer most everything else in his process." The new post-Birdseye business model processed cod and other fish as frozen goods for consumers in the U.S., and it was such a success that the industry expanded too rapidly. His innovation was so successful that his corporate bosses took notice. U.S. Patent No. Clarence Gilyard Net Worth. Birdseye died on November 7, 1956, of a stroke at the Gramercy Park Hotel. Washington, DC: U.S. Patent and Trademark Office. After returning to the United States, he began to experiment and, in 1924, helped found General Seafoods Company. By Mick Vann, 12:39PM, Wed. Oct. 10, 2012 The Clarence Birdseye (AC 1910) Journals Collection contains field journals of the noted inventor, naturalist and businessman Clarence Birdseye. U.S. Patent No. The ice business also led directly to the birth of the convenience store, the defining landscape artifact of 20th-century America. Era el sexto de nueve hijos. The pice de rsistance was lynx meat, which had been soaked for a month in sherry, pan-stewed, and served in a brown gravy.. The 17th-century philosopher and experimentalist Francis Bacon is said to have died of pneumonia brought on when he stopped mid-carriage ride to see whether stuffing a chicken with snow would preserve it. U.S. Patent No. If you have ever listened to a hipster mixologist discourse at length about the advantages of his boutique ice cubes, you have Tudor to blame. Clarence Birdseye launched Birds Eye Frosted . $200 per post at $10/CPM. Americans now eat most of their meals away from home or on the go, a fact that explains the popularity of products like Go-Gurt. At Topridge, a limousine, a launch also named Merriweath er and a cable car completed the ascent to the high ridge ris ing abruptly from a small lake. In 1905, the Journal of the American Medical Association warned that modern conveniences added to daily stress and alienated people from others. Clarence Birdseye died of a heart attack in October, 1956. Less than four months later they were married. He was its only customer until cigar and cigarette companies realized that the material would keep their products dry. Frozen fish sticks were an occasional offering at our dinner table, especially during Lent. August, um 9 / 8c. Before Birdseye's patented methods, no one really stored or ate frozen foods (then called frosted foods) owing to their terrible tasteit was so noxious that New York State even banned using it to feed prisoners. Washington, DC: U.S. Patent and Trademark Office. Mrs. Post became the owner of the Postum Cereal Company after her father's death in 1914, and through a series of merger's built the company into the General Foods Corporation. Published: February 3, 2018 Updated: September 11, 2020 WASHINGTON, Sept. 12 Majorie Merriweather Post, the businesswoman and philanthro pist whose great wealth allowed her to entertain lavishly and live regally, died today at her Hillwood estate here after a long illness. $22.95 $ 22. His name was Clarence Birdseye. father. It soon improved. . U.S. Patent No. In 2005, he was inducted into the National Inventors Hall of Fame. There could be no flow, he suggested, without a certain amount of friction. Biological Survey out West in the first decade of the 20th century, Birdseye learned to trap and cook field mice, chipmunks, gophers. (12 August 1930). While attending public school in Battle Creek, she had to walk by a lumber yard that was a fa vorite hangout for town bullies, who delighted in picking on lit tle girls. Lumps of dirt can hide sparkling gems. 1,608,832. How? Birdseye had some of the qualities of a 21st-century foodie adventurous tastes, an appetite for the local, a compulsion to talk at length to anyone who would listen about what he had just eaten for dinner. Birds Eye Frosted Foods, as the brand was once known, filled freezers across America. We may talk a fine game about the need for patience and fortitude, but put us in a slow-moving line for anything, and we will whine and protest like 5-year-olds. Born Dec. 9, 1886 - Died Oct. 7, 1956. So what has / have: Will Kellogg (and his brother), Marjorie Post (and her deceased father), Clarence Birdeye (acquired by Marjorie for $23.0 million USD in circa 1912 or $300.0 million in today . At a board meeting of the National Symphony in 1955, Howard Mitchell, the director, suggested that funds be allot ted to permit high school stu dents who visited Washington in the spring to attend free concerts. Of all the natural forces harnessed by modern industrialized humanity, cold gets too little attention. They had all they could possibly want in abundance in Eden, including time, but of course they threw it all away. 1,998,431. They seem authentic and personal to us precisely because they ask so much of us. U.S. Patent No. Developed Method for Quick Freezing and Also Devised System for Dehydrating", Clarence Birdseye (AC 1910) Field Journals, Clarence Birdseye biography at Birds Eye Foods web site, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Clarence_Birdseye&oldid=1145148933, History of Rocky Mountain Labs, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease, This page was last edited on 17 March 2023, at 14:47. Check out some facts on Birdseye's life that reveal his genius as a food innovator and why we came close to enjoying frozen alligator. As titles go, Father of Frozen Food is less than heroic. Fish scaling device. From 1930 to 1934 Birdseye was president of Birds Eye Frosted Foods and from 1935 to 1938 of Birdseye Electric Company. At Hiliwood, the table set tings included the Russian Im perial service and one made for Emperor. While investigating facts about Clarence Birdseye Net Worth and Clarence Birdseye Invention, I found out little known, but curios details like: The founder of the modern frozen food industry, Clarence Birdseye, was inspired when ice fishing in Labrador, Canada, in -40C weather. Heat is easier to understand as a creative force all that forging, welding, brewing and burning not only fueled the Industrial Revolution, it also fed our language: When we are repeatedly successful, we are on a hot streak; when approaching a truth, we are getting warm. Birdseye held nearly 300 patents. During her second marriage, to Mr. Hutton, she found that her first Palm Beach home, Hogarcito, had become too small for her parties. Conveniences etymological roots are in Latin. In 1915, Birdseye married Eleanor Garrett while living in Labrador, and they had one son named Kellogg. [18], In 2012 a book-length biography of Birdseye, Mark Kurlansky's Birdseye: The Adventures of a Curious Man, was published by Doubleday. The psychologist Mihly Cskszentmihlyi, in his work on the positive state of engagement that he called flow, wrote that people fully realized themselves only when immersed in a task that challenged them just enough but not too much. He recognized immediately that the frozen seafood sold in New York was of lower quality than the frozen fish of Labrador, and that this knowledge could be lucrative. Birdseye, Clarence. Hoping to become a biologist, he enrolled at Amherst College in 1910 but couldn't complete his studies because tuition was too expensive. Washington, DC: U.S. Patent and Trademark Office. The large ice crystals produced by slow freezing robbed food of flavor and texture, resulting in mushy products prone to rotting. Remember, this is a guy with the patience and the gustatory bravado to prize a good gull gravy. Known for. 1912 [Leather Bound] by Clarence Birdseye | Jan 1, 2018. [14], In 1929, Birdseye sold his company and patents for $22 million (approximately $335 million in 2021 dollars) to Goldman Sachs and the Postum Company, which eventually became General Foods Corporation. There is no sense saving time if we dont know what to do with the time we have saved. At the time of his death, he was hoping to perfect a process by which sugar cane could be turned into pulp for paper. At journey's end each guest had his own cabin, with maid and footman. Refrigerating apparatus. 1,822,124. But convenience for its own sake leaves us empty. These included 27 different frozen items: The original haddock fillets, porterhouse steak, spring lamb chops, loganberries and raspberries, spinach and June peas advertised "as gloriously green as any you will see next summer." Mrs. Marjorie Merriweather Post Is Dead at 86, https://www.nytimes.com/1973/09/13/archives/mrs-marjorie-merriweather-post-is-dead-at-86-a-rich-working-woman.html. Learn Gilyard's net worth. Mrs. Post's collection is displayed in the Icon and Russian Porcelain Rooms at Hillwood. At 17, she knew almost everything there was to know about the Postum Cereal Com pany. Birdseye, Clarence. Clarence Birdseye, inventor, empresario y naturalista estadounidense, fundador de la industria de alimentos congelados. But the truth is that not even the most dedicated slacker could really thrive in a life that included only ease and convenience. When Kellogg Gannett Birdseye was born on 6 September 1916, in Washington D.C., United States, his father, Clarence Frank Birdseye, was 29 and his mother, Eleanor Ganett, was 28. The family, moved to Bat tle Creek, Mich., where Mr. Post sought help for his failing health. Washington, DC: U.S. Patent and Trademark Office. But if you've ever enjoyed a meal that was frozen before it was ready to eat, you're almost certainly familiar with the processes he brought to the food industry nearlya century ago.
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