Given the development of the Jordanian women's political participation, before 1974, Jordanian women had no right to vote and run in the elections. In the light of the democratization, especially in many developing countries, political participation forms expanded and diversified to include voting, participating in the campaigns, community participation and expression of opinion in society related issues (Childs, 2004, p. 422). Only a small number of people, generally under one-quarter of those eligible, participate in local, county, and state elections. It can be concluded that: the more the regional affiliation varies, the more the voting in the elections differs in favor of the Jordanian students. This made them feel political alienation, which led them to be reluctant to vote in the elections. In contrast, poor or lowincome families are reluctant to vote as they suffer from accessing basic services, proper education and health care. This, in turn, affected their voting in the elections. For example, refugees in any country, who are granted the right to vote in elections, while they are suffering from the shortage of basic services, they would feel discontent and in turn they would disregard voting in the elections. Riots are frequently spontaneous and are sparked by an incident that brings to a head deep-seated frustrations and emotions. This study is an approach to interpret the factors affecting voting of Jordanian university students, such as gender, age, family income and regional affiliation, which led to different voting in the national and local elections. 4, pp. Some are directly associated with the electoral sub-system and some are with other political activities. Men vote more than females (Childs, 2004, p. 422). People take part in support activities on behalf of a cause, which can lead to greater involvement. The reluctance of students to participate was attributed to their lack of interest in political issues and their poor involvement in community activities. In 1993, Congress passed the National Voter Registration Act, also known as the motor voter law, allowing citizens to register at motor vehicle and social service offices. 185-199. The quantitative research was used in this study. Voter turnout levels have hovered around 40 percent in the past three midterm elections. In 2010, only about 23 percent of eligible eighteen- to twenty-nine-year-olds cast a ballot (Center for Information & Research on Civic Learning and Engagement). (New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 1980). Where youth participatory mechanisms fail to have a substantive impact, they may still have important symbolic or signaling features. Midterm elections, in which members of Congress run for office in nonpresidential-election years, normally draw about one-third of eligible voters (Rosenstone & Hansen, 1993). Moreover, the lack of fair distribution of resources and the concentration the wealth in the hands of businessmen, made them feel marginalized. Such factors are political exposure, political efficacy, education, income, gender, political interest, political culture, political parties, and religious beliefs. The original and the edited tape tell two different stories of the same event. Also, the ratio of women's political participation is low. In addition, the voting of the students' category (Palestinians) was low. Property damage was in the millions of dollars. Human Rights Watch and the Sentencing Project, Losing the Vote: The Impact of Felony Disenfranchisement Laws (New York: Human Rights Watch, 2000). Voter turnout is a mix of two factors: Internal (motivation, eagerness, knowledge) and External (eligibility, mobilization, voter suppression). Faced with violence, voters are generally pushed away from electoral politics. Moreover, they concluded that high income and wealth encourage individuals to political participation and engaging in government. Pyeatt and Yanus (2018) have also concluded that the difference of regions within the same country and the ethnic or racial diversity affect voting in elections. Direct link to taylor512's post can these political belie, Posted 3 years ago. Also,somesocialfactorssuchastribalaffiliationaffectsstudentsvoting.Basedontheabove: They can post their views on blogs and energize their supporters using Facebook groups that provide information about how to get involved. Urbanization as the first stage of the modernization process tends to raise literacy; increased literacy tends to increase the media exposure; and increasing media exposure facilitates wider political participation. the USA estrangement about engagement in electoral campaigns and community participation. Although all these amendments, the political participation of Jordanian university students is still poor. 46 No. The ratio of voting in the category (less than 500 dinar) was low, but, the ratio of voting for the other two categories was high. The study concluded that the gender, age, family income and regional affiliation factors affect the voting of Jordanian university students in national and local elections. Fifty-four people were killed and two thousand were wounded. However, young people participation in voting remained low (Dababneh, 2012, p. 215). Tingkat Pengetahuan. Protest participants received online instructions at the protest site about travel and housing, where to assemble, and how to behave if arrested. More voters were mobilized during this period of political upheaval in which people focused on issues of race relations, social welfare, and the Vietnam War (Piven & Cloward, 2000). High socio-economic status is conducive for an increase in the overall amount of political participation. Voter registration also has been assisted by online registration. The ratio of participation for young people is low, because of their different interests in political activities. Some people may refuse to say the pledge of allegiance to express their dissatisfaction with government. It deepens the political awareness and increases the sense of political effectiveness. The study concluded that, Although the democratic transition and the subsequent constitutional and legal amendments in Jordan, which gave women equal rights with men, and allowing engagement in political parties and civil activities, there was a gap in the voting of Jordanian university students in national and local elections due to some demographic factors (gender and age), economic factors (family income) and some social factors (regional affiliation). can these political beliefs be made but can be stolen if suggested by the opposite sex(Woman suggests man takes idea as his own)? of relevant theory and empirical research that provide insight related to the factors that cause voting behavior and their relations. Closing voting rosters weeks or months in advance of elections effectively disenfranchised voters. Every day, millions of people voice their opinions to members of Congress. Privacy Policy 8. In addition, there are political factors which lead to marginalize students participating in the political sphere. (2018), The impact of country characteristics on civic knowledge and political participation, Politikon: Iapss Journal of Political Science, Vol. Some of them. the individual needs money to be able to participate in political activities. Direct link to veighn.dangerfield's post depends on the situation , Posted 5 months ago. Womens full and effective political participation is a matter of human Table II shows the results of the analysis of public universities students views on voting in national and local elections according to the age. The reason for the low voting ratio of the Palestinians in Jordan was due to the fact that they saw the candidates inefficiency. Expressing opinions about leaders, issues, and policies has become one of the most prominent forms of political participation. Twitter, a social messaging platform that allows people to provide short updates in real time, has been used to convey eyewitness reports of protests worldwide. The more the family income varies, the more the voting shifts in favor of high-income students. Jacobson, G. C., The Politics of Congressional Elections (New York: HarperCollins, 1997). This result was consistent with the studies of Atiyat (2017), Fitzgerald (2013), Taft (2014), Roth and Saunders (2019), which confirmed the low voting of females. Therefore, the diversity of regional affiliation affected political participation. 1.1 Communication, Information, and the Media, 2.2 Creating and Ratifying the Constitution, 2.3 Constitutional Principles and Provisions, 2.4 The Constitution in the Information Age, 4.2 Religion, Speech, the Press, Assembly, and Petition, 4.3 Arms, Search and Seizure, Accusation, Punishment, Property, and Privacy, 4.4 Civil Liberties in the Information Age, 5.1 Civil War Amendments and African Americans, 5.2 Other Minorities, Women, Lesbians, Gay Men, and the Disabled, 6.3 Political Culture and Socialization in the Information Age, 7.4 Public Opinion in the Information Age, 8.5 Participation, Voting, and Social Movements in the Information Age, 9.3 Interest Groups and the Political System, 9.4 Interest Groups in the Information Age, 10.1 History of American Political Parties, 10.7 Political Parties in the Information Age, 11.7 Campaigns and Elections in the Information Age, 13.3 The Presidency in the Information Age, 14.2 Policymaking, Power, and Accountability in the Bureaucracy, 14.3 The Federal Bureaucracy in the Information Age, 16.4 Policymaking and Domestic Policies in the Information Age, 17.1 The Executive Branch Makes Foreign and Military Policies, 17.2 Influence from Congress and Outside Government, 17.3 The Major Foreign and National Security Policies, 17.5 Foreign and National Security Policies in the Information Age. An individuals sense of loyalty to a specific political party. The voting rate in the category (23 less than 30) was high. Kang, A. Three factors seem to affect political participation among Native Americans a history of violent conflict and deep distrust of federal, state, and local actors ( Peterson 1997 ), a widely dispersed population ( Herrick and Mendez 2019 ), and few federal, state, or local officials representing tribal interests ( Schroedel and Aslanian 2017 ). States argue that their legal authority to deny convicted felons voting rights derives from the Fourteenth Amendment, which stipulates that voting rights of individuals guilty of participation in rebellion, or other crime can be denied. Up to 70 percent of members of single-issue groups show their support solely by making monetary contributions (Putnam, 2000). However,thereareotherswho Symbolic acts are not always supportive of the political system. 7 No. Nahar, G.S. 89 No. Political participation is action that influences the distribution of social goods and values (Rosenstone & Hansen, 1993). Turnout in presidential elections in the 1960s was over 60 percent. WebVCU Scholars Compass | Virginia Commonwealth University Research It concluded that democracy depends on political participation (Leigh, 2018, p. 7). But, in the South there is a high majority of blue collared workers? People can vote for representatives, who make policies that will determine how much they have to pay in taxes and who will benefit from social programs. This tactic was used effectively during the 1960s civil rights movement when African Americans sat in whites-only sections of public busses. Members of social movements may resort to rioting when they perceive that there are no conventional alternatives for getting their message across. They concluded that the social and economic factors such as (gender, age, education, place of residence, family, tribal affiliation, unemployment, income, poverty, There are many different ways that Americans can participate in politics, including voting, joining political parties, volunteering, contacting public officials, contributing money, working in campaigns, holding public office, protesting, and rioting. This article concludes that people have different voting that publics political participation is decreasing from 2004 to 2014. 4. 54 No. In addition, there was an age gap in voting in national and local elections, as young students voting was low. Such political activities can support government officials, institutions, and policies, or aim to change them. Considered one of the most impactful expressions of patriotism, voting is the primary means of participating in politics. People with higher education are more likely to participate The campaign and rally have their effects on polarizing party attachments and reinforcing candidate preferences. Generally, about 15 percent of Americans participate in these types of campaign activities in an election year (Verba, Schlozman, & Brady, 1995). 25 No. In addition, they felt marginalized inside the Jordanian society. Some studies concluded that the difference in age between individuals affects political participation as the ratio of political participation between young and older people is high (Pyeatt and Yanus, 2018, p. 189). This role is partly expressive and partly instrumental. The United States Election Project provides information about voter turnout in presidential campaigns. WebSocioeconomic characteristics of a population, including age, race, gender, religion, marital status, occupation, education level, and more. Residency requirements limited access to registration offices. 3, pp. The democratic transition in Jordan started in 1980. Scholars have argued that socio-economic factors, such as the numbers of graduate women (Hillygus, 2005) and women's participation in the labor force outside But, since the Palestinians feel unequal, and short of accessing basic services, such as education and health care; this resulted in their decline of voting in elections. Among the major findings of the study are high political apathy; and "voting" as the most popular form of political participation among the people and "free, fair and The main reason for voting in the elections according to regional affiliation was practicing the constitutional right. with (43.7 per cent) for the (Jordanians).
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